/* ==========================================================================
   Kannmu — Site design system (v3)
   "Field notes" — an instrument-grade editorial system for a research site.
   Loaded after hux-blog.css / dark-mode.css so it wins the cascade.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0. Fonts
   1. Tokens
   2. Base & typography
   3. Layout primitives
   4. Header / navigation
   5. Buttons, chips, links
   6. Home
   7. About
   8. Archive
   9. Portfolio
  10. Legacy hux pages (posts, tools, 404)
  11. Search overlay
  12. Footer
  13. Motion & reveal
  14. Responsive
   ========================================================================== */

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0. Fonts (self-hosted latin subsets; CJK falls back to the system stack)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@font-face {
  font-family: "Kannmu Serif";
  src: url("../fonts/webfonts/InstrumentSerif-Regular.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA,
    U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193,
    U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "Kannmu Serif";
  src: url("../fonts/webfonts/InstrumentSerif-Italic.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
  font-display: swap;
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA,
    U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193,
    U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "Kannmu Sans";
  src: url("../fonts/webfonts/InterVar.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 400 800;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA,
    U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193,
    U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "Kannmu Mono";
  src: url("../fonts/webfonts/JetBrainsMono.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 400 500;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA,
    U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193,
    U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1. Tokens
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
:root {
  /* surfaces */
  --paper: #f6f4ef;
  --paper-2: #ffffff;
  --paper-3: #eeebe3;
  --ink-band: #0e100f;
  --ink-band-2: #171a18;

  /* type colours */
  --ink: #14120f;
  --ink-2: #4d4a43;
  --ink-3: #85817a;
  --on-band: #f7f4ed;
  --on-band-2: #a9a69c;

  /* lines & accents */
  --line: rgba(20, 18, 15, 0.13);
  --line-2: rgba(20, 18, 15, 0.26);
  --accent: #b8421c;
  --accent-2: #e0653a;
  --accent-soft: rgba(184, 66, 28, 0.09);
  --teal: #0b6a5c;
  --teal-soft: rgba(11, 106, 92, 0.1);

  /* geometry */
  --shell: 1200px;
  --shell-narrow: 860px;
  --gutter: clamp(20px, 4vw, 56px);
  --nav-h: 70px;
  --radius: 3px;
  --radius-lg: 6px;

  /* shadows */
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(20, 18, 15, 0.05), 0 6px 18px -12px rgba(20, 18, 15, 0.25);
  --shadow-md: 0 2px 4px rgba(20, 18, 15, 0.04), 0 22px 48px -28px rgba(20, 18, 15, 0.4);

  /* type stacks */
  --font-serif: "Kannmu Serif", "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua",
    "Songti SC", "SimSun", Georgia, serif;
  --font-sans: "Kannmu Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI Variable Text",
    "Segoe UI", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "Noto Sans SC",
    sans-serif;
  --font-mono: "Kannmu Mono", ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular", "Cascadia Mono", Consolas,
    monospace;

  /* motion */
  --ease: cubic-bezier(0.22, 0.61, 0.36, 1);
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  --dur: 0.42s;

  /* grain */
  --grain: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='140' height='140'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='140' height='140' filter='url(%23n)' opacity='0.45'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

[data-theme="dark"] {
  --paper: #0b0d0c;
  --paper-2: #121514;
  --paper-3: #171b19;
  --ink-band: #060807;
  --ink-band-2: #101312;

  --ink: #f2f0ea;
  --ink-2: #b0aca2;
  --ink-3: #7b7870;
  --on-band: #f7f4ed;
  --on-band-2: #9b988f;

  --line: rgba(242, 240, 234, 0.14);
  --line-2: rgba(242, 240, 234, 0.28);
  --accent: #ff7f52;
  --accent-2: #ff9d78;
  --accent-soft: rgba(255, 127, 82, 0.13);
  --teal: #5ed3ba;
  --teal-soft: rgba(94, 211, 186, 0.12);

  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), 0 8px 20px -14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
  --shadow-md: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), 0 26px 56px -30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.95);
}

/* Bridge the legacy variables used by dark-mode.css */
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --bg-color: var(--paper);
  --text-color: var(--ink);
  --heading-color: var(--ink);
  --post-container-bg: var(--paper-2);
  --footer-bg: var(--ink-band);
  --link-color: var(--accent);
  --border-color: var(--line);
  --code-bg: #1a1e1c;
  --sidebar-text: var(--ink-2);
  --sidebar-heading: var(--ink);
}

:root {
  --bg-color: var(--paper);
  --text-color: var(--ink);
  --heading-color: var(--ink);
  --post-container-bg: var(--paper-2);
  --footer-bg: var(--ink-band);
  --link-color: var(--accent);
  --border-color: var(--line);
  --code-bg: #f1efe8;
  --sidebar-text: var(--ink-2);
  --sidebar-heading: var(--ink);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2. Base & typography
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 28px);
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

html[data-theme="light"],
html[data-theme="dark"] {
  color-scheme: light dark;
}

html[data-theme="light"] {
  color-scheme: light;
}

html[data-theme="dark"] {
  color-scheme: dark;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.72;
  letter-spacing: -0.003em;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  transition: background-color 0.35s var(--ease), color 0.35s var(--ease);
  font-feature-settings: "kern" 1, "liga" 1, "calt" 1;
}

/* Grain: a whisper of paper texture, theme-agnostic */
body::after {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 9999;
  background-image: var(--grain);
  background-size: 140px 140px;
  opacity: 0.032;
  pointer-events: none;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}

[data-theme="dark"] body::after {
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
  opacity: 0.024;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-weight: 620;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

p {
  margin: 0 0 1.1em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.22s var(--ease), opacity 0.22s var(--ease);
}

a:hover,
a:focus {
  color: var(--accent-2);
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

strong,
b {
  font-weight: 640;
  color: var(--ink);
}

em,
i {
  font-style: italic;
}

code,
kbd,
samp,
pre {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

::selection {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

hr {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  margin: 0;
}

/* Skip link */
.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  z-index: 10000;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
  color: #fff;
}

/* Screen-reader only */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3. Layout primitives
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.shell {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: calc(var(--shell) + var(--gutter) * 2);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
}

.shell--narrow {
  max-width: calc(var(--shell-narrow) + var(--gutter) * 2);
}

.band {
  position: relative;
  padding-block: clamp(72px, 9vw, 132px);
}

.band--tight {
  padding-block: clamp(52px, 6vw, 84px);
}

.band--paper {
  background: var(--paper);
}

.band--lift {
  background: var(--paper-2);
}

.band--soft {
  background: var(--paper-3);
}

.band--ink {
  background: var(--ink-band);
  color: var(--on-band);
}

.band--ink::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: var(--grain);
  background-size: 140px 140px;
  opacity: 0.05;
  pointer-events: none;
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
}

.band--ink h1,
.band--ink h2,
.band--ink h3,
.band--ink h4 {
  color: var(--on-band);
}

.band--ink p,
.band--ink li {
  color: var(--on-band-2);
}

.band--ink a {
  color: var(--accent-2);
}

.band--ink > .shell {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* Section header: index + label + title + rule */
.sec-head {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-bottom: clamp(36px, 4.5vw, 60px);
}

.sec-head--row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px 48px;
}

.sec-label {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.sec-label::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 24px;
  max-width: 76px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--line-2);
}

.sec-label b {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.sec-title {
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3.3vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 640;
  letter-spacing: -0.028em;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.sec-title em {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.sec-lede {
  max-width: 62ch;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1.35vw, 18px);
  line-height: 1.72;
}

/* Tiny helper text */
.micro {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}

.rule {
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--line);
  border: 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   4. Header / navigation
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.site-header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 900;
  height: var(--nav-h);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  background: transparent;
  transition: background-color 0.3s var(--ease), border-color 0.3s var(--ease),
    backdrop-filter 0.3s var(--ease), transform 0.35s var(--ease);
}

.site-header__inner {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: calc(var(--shell) + var(--gutter) * 2);
  height: 100%;
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
}

/* Brand */
.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 11px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  flex: none;
}

.brand:hover,
.brand:focus {
  color: inherit;
}

.brand__mark {
  display: grid;
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid currentColor;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1;
  transition: transform 0.5s var(--ease-out), background-color 0.3s var(--ease),
    color 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.brand:hover .brand__mark {
  transform: rotate(-12deg);
  background: currentColor;
}

.brand__mark span {
  transition: color 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.brand:hover .brand__mark span {
  color: var(--paper);
}

.brand__name {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 640;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.brand__sub {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 1px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.6;
}

/* Primary nav */
.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  margin-left: auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 34px);
}

.site-nav a {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 6px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  opacity: 0.72;
  transition: opacity 0.22s var(--ease), color 0.22s var(--ease);
}

.site-nav a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 1px;
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: transform 0.34s var(--ease-out);
}

.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus {
  opacity: 1;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.site-nav a:hover::after,
.site-nav a:focus::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  opacity: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.site-nav a[aria-current="page"]::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

/* Tools cluster */
.site-tools {
  display: flex;
  flex: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 2px;
  margin-left: 8px;
}

.tool-btn {
  display: inline-grid;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  padding: 0;
  place-items: center;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: inherit;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.22s var(--ease), color 0.22s var(--ease),
    transform 0.22s var(--ease);
}

.tool-btn:hover,
.tool-btn:focus-visible {
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent);
}

.tool-btn svg {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.tool-btn--wide {
  width: auto;
  padding-inline: 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-size: 10px;
}

/* Theme toggle icon swap */
.theme-toggle .icon-moon,
[data-theme="dark"] .theme-toggle .icon-sun {
  display: none;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .theme-toggle .icon-moon {
  display: block;
}

/* Burger */
.nav-burger {
  display: none;
}

.nav-burger span {
  display: block;
  width: 17px;
  height: 1.5px;
  margin: 3.5px auto;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease), opacity 0.2s var(--ease);
}

/* Header states -------------------------------------------------------- */
.site-header.is-solid {
  border-bottom-color: var(--line);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 88%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(1.4);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px) saturate(1.4);
}

/* Over a dark hero: transparent, white type */
.site-header.on-hero:not(.is-solid) {
  color: #fff;
}

.site-header.on-hero:not(.is-solid) .site-nav a,
.site-header.on-hero:not(.is-solid) .brand {
  color: #fff;
}

.site-header.on-hero:not(.is-solid) .site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: #fff;
}

.site-header.on-hero:not(.is-solid) .tool-btn--wide {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.34);
}

.site-header.is-hidden {
  transform: translateY(-102%);
}

/* Reading progress */
.read-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 950;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2px;
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-2));
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   5. Buttons, chips, links
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0 22px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 560;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.28s var(--ease), color 0.28s var(--ease),
    border-color 0.28s var(--ease), transform 0.28s var(--ease);
}

.btn:hover,
.btn:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.btn--solid {
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.btn--solid:hover,
.btn--solid:focus-visible {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

.btn--on-ink {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  color: #fff;
}

.btn--on-ink:hover {
  border-color: #fff;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink-band);
}

.btn--ghost {
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 0 14px;
  font-size: 12.5px;
}

.btn i,
.btn svg {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  flex: none;
}

.btn svg {
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.6;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

/* Text link with animated arrow */
.link-arrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 560;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease), border-color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.link-arrow svg {
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  transition: transform 0.3s var(--ease-out);
}

.link-arrow:hover,
.link-arrow:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.link-arrow:hover svg {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* Chips / tags */
.chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 5px 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color 0.24s var(--ease), color 0.24s var(--ease),
    background-color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.chip:hover {
  border-color: var(--line-2);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper-3);
}

.chip--accent {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 34%, transparent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent);
}

.chip--teal {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--teal) 32%, transparent);
  background: var(--teal-soft);
  color: var(--teal);
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.chip--teal:hover {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  background: var(--teal);
  color: var(--paper-2);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .chip--teal:hover {
  color: #0b0d0c;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .chip--teal {
  color: var(--teal);
}

.chip sup {
  font-size: 9px;
  opacity: 0.7;
  top: -0.3em;
}

/* Small icon-only circular link */
.icon-btn {
  display: inline-grid;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  transition: border-color 0.24s var(--ease), color 0.24s var(--ease),
    background-color 0.24s var(--ease), transform 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.icon-btn svg {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  fill: currentColor;
}

.icon-btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   6. Home
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* Hero */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  min-height: min(88svh, 800px);
  padding-top: var(--nav-h);
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #0a0c0b;
  color: #fff;
  isolation: isolate;
}

.hero__media,
.hero__veil {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.hero__media {
  z-index: -2;
  background-position: center;
  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  filter: grayscale(0.35) contrast(1.05) brightness(0.92);
  transform: scale(1.04);
  animation: heroDrift 24s var(--ease) forwards;
}

@keyframes heroDrift {
  to {
    transform: scale(1);
  }
}

/* Layered mask: vignette + bottom fade so white type always reads */
.hero__veil {
  z-index: -1;
  background:
    linear-gradient(to top, rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.94) 0%, rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.55) 38%, rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.32) 68%, rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.42) 100%),
    radial-gradient(120% 90% at 15% 20%, rgba(6, 8, 7, 0.62) 0%, rgba(6, 8, 7, 0.1) 60%);
}

.hero__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  width: 100%;
  padding-bottom: clamp(40px, 6vw, 68px);
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: clamp(24px, 4vw, 64px);
  align-items: end;
}

.hero__eyebrow {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px 14px;
  margin: 0 0 clamp(18px, 2.4vw, 30px);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero__eyebrow .dot {
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent-2);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(224, 101, 58, 0.22);
}

.hero h1,
.hero .hero__title {
  max-width: 17ch;
  margin: 0;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(40px, 6.4vw, 82px);
  font-weight: 660;
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.hero__title em {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #fff;
}

.hero__title .cn {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.42em;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.6vw, 20px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
}

.hero__lede {
  max-width: 46ch;
  margin: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 30px) 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.35vw, 18px);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.hero__actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: clamp(24px, 3vw, 36px);
}

.hero__actions .btn {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.34);
  color: #fff;
}

.hero__actions .btn:hover {
  border-color: #fff;
  background: #fff;
  color: #0e100f;
}

/* Right-hand side stat block */
.hero__aside {
  display: grid;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 0 0 6px 26px;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  text-align: right;
}

.hero__stat {
  display: block;
}

.hero__stat b {
  display: block;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(26px, 2.6vw, 34px);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.hero__stat span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 7px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.56);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Bottom rail */
.hero__rail {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}

.hero__rail-inner {
  display: flex;
  padding-block: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 32px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero__rail-inner a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);
}

.hero__rail-inner a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.scroll-hint {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}

.scroll-hint i {
  display: block;
  width: 1px;
  height: 18px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8), transparent);
  animation: hintDrop 2.2s var(--ease) infinite;
}

@keyframes hintDrop {
  0% {
    transform: scaleY(0.3);
    transform-origin: top;
    opacity: 0;
  }
  40% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
  100% {
    transform: scaleY(1);
    transform-origin: top;
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

/* Intro split */
.intro-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.02fr) minmax(0, 0.98fr);
  gap: clamp(36px, 6vw, 92px);
  align-items: start;
}

.intro-copy p {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1.35vw, 18.5px);
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.intro-copy p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  float: left;
  margin: 6px 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 3.2em;
  line-height: 0.82;
}

.pull-quote {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 26px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-2);
}

.pull-quote p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(21px, 2.1vw, 27px);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

.pull-quote cite {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 16px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-style: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.intro-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
}

.intro-tags .chip {
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 7px 13px;
}

/* Key/value fact list (home profile block) */
.fact-list {
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-2);
}

.fact-list > div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 112px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 8px 20px;
  padding: 15px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: baseline;
}

.fact-list dt {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

html[data-lang="zh"] .fact-list dt {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 12px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: none;
}

.fact-list dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.fact-list dd a {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: var(--line-2);
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.fact-list dd a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent);
}

.fact-list .intro-tags {
  display: inline-flex;
}

/* Research index rows */
.idx-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.idx-row {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 60px minmax(0, 0.78fr) minmax(0, 1.22fr) 30px;
  gap: clamp(16px, 3vw, 44px);
  padding: clamp(22px, 2.6vw, 32px) 0;
  align-items: start;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.idx-row::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 calc(-1 * var(--gutter)) 0 calc(-1 * var(--gutter));
  z-index: -1;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.idx-row:hover::before,
.idx-row:focus-visible::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.idx-row__no {
  padding-top: 4px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.idx-row h3 {
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 26px);
  font-weight: 610;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
  line-height: 1.22;
}

.idx-row h3 .idx-row__kw {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.idx-row p {
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 3px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.68;
}

.idx-row__arrow {
  display: grid;
  width: 26px;
  height: 26px;
  margin-top: 2px;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  transition: transform 0.32s var(--ease-out), border-color 0.28s var(--ease),
    color 0.28s var(--ease), background-color 0.28s var(--ease);
}

.idx-row__arrow svg {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.idx-row:hover .idx-row__arrow {
  transform: translateX(3px);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

/* Featured work cards */
.feature-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(16px, 2vw, 26px);
}

.feature-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  padding: clamp(24px, 2.6vw, 34px);
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: border-color 0.3s var(--ease), transform 0.4s var(--ease-out),
    box-shadow 0.4s var(--ease-out);
}

.feature-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -40%;
  right: -30%;
  width: 220px;
  height: 220px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, var(--accent-soft), transparent 70%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.45s var(--ease);
}

.feature-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: var(--line-2);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.feature-card:hover::after {
  opacity: 1;
}

.feature-card__top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
}

.feature-card__no {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
}

.feature-card h3 {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  font-size: clamp(19px, 1.7vw, 23px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.feature-card p {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.66;
}

.feature-card__foot {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  align-items: center;
}

/* Publication preview list (home) */
.pub-preview {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub-preview__row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 66px minmax(0, 1fr) 90px;
  gap: clamp(14px, 2.6vw, 36px);
  padding: clamp(20px, 2.2vw, 27px) 0;
  align-items: baseline;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--ink);
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.pub-preview__year {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.pub-preview__body h3 {
  font-size: clamp(16.5px, 1.5vw, 19px);
  font-weight: 560;
  line-height: 1.45;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.pub-preview__body p {
  margin: 7px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pub-preview__meta {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-align: right;
}

.pub-preview__row:hover .pub-preview__body h3 {
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* Notes list (home) */
.note-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(18px, 2.4vw, 32px);
}

.note-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 12px;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.note-card time {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.note-card h3 {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 560;
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: -0.014em;
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.note-card p {
  display: -webkit-box;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.66;
}

.note-card:hover h3 {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.note-card__tag {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 10px;
  color: var(--teal);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Tools entry strip */
.tools-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.1fr);
  gap: clamp(24px, 4vw, 64px);
  padding: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 44px);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  align-items: center;
}

.tools-strip h3 {
  font-size: clamp(21px, 2vw, 26px);
  letter-spacing: -0.024em;
}

.tools-strip p {
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.tools-strip__links {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px 20px;
}

.tools-strip__links a {
  display: flex;
  padding: 11px 0;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 520;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.tools-strip__links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.tools-strip__links a span:last-child {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   7. About
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.about-hero {
  position: relative;
  padding-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + clamp(48px, 7vw, 96px));
  padding-bottom: clamp(40px, 5vw, 64px);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--ink-band);
  color: var(--on-band);
}

.about-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(70% 90% at 88% 8%, rgba(224, 101, 58, 0.16) 0%, transparent 62%),
    radial-gradient(60% 80% at 4% 92%, rgba(11, 106, 92, 0.22) 0%, transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.about-hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: var(--grain);
  background-size: 140px 140px;
  opacity: 0.055;
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.about-hero__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 72px);
  align-items: end;
}

.about-hero h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 76px);
  font-weight: 660;
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.about-hero h1 em {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.about-hero__zh {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.7vw, 19px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
}

.about-hero__role {
  margin: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 28px) 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  font-size: clamp(15px, 1.4vw, 17px);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.about-hero__role a {
  color: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.32);
}

.about-hero__role a:hover {
  border-color: #fff;
}

/* Portrait */
.about-portrait {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
}

.about-portrait img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  filter: grayscale(0.3) contrast(1.04);
  transition: filter 0.6s var(--ease), transform 0.6s var(--ease-out);
}

.about-portrait:hover img {
  filter: grayscale(0) contrast(1.02);
  transform: scale(1.012);
}

.about-portrait figcaption {
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.42);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Link rail under hero */
.about-links {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  margin-top: clamp(28px, 3.6vw, 46px);
  padding-top: 18px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 26px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
}

.about-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.about-links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.about-links svg {
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  fill: currentColor;
}

/* Metrics strip (Scholarly / Crossref, live) */
.metrics {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper-2);
}

.metrics__cell {
  padding: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 28px) clamp(16px, 2vw, 26px);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.metrics__cell:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.metrics__cell b {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 38px);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.metrics__cell span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 9px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.metrics__cell--live b {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.sync-state {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.sync-state i {
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--ink-3);
  transition: background-color 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.sync-state[data-state="ok"] i {
  background: var(--teal);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--teal-soft);
}

.sync-state[data-state="loading"] i {
  background: var(--accent);
  animation: pulse 1.2s var(--ease) infinite;
}

.sync-state[data-state="error"] i {
  background: var(--ink-3);
}

@keyframes pulse {
  0%,
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
  50% {
    opacity: 0.25;
  }
}

/* About body layout: sticky side index + content */
.about-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 76px);
  align-items: start;
}

.about-index {
  position: sticky;
  top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 32px);
  display: grid;
  gap: 2px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.about-index a {
  display: flex;
  padding: 8px 0;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 10px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.about-index a i {
  width: 12px;
  height: 1px;
  flex: none;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: width 0.3s var(--ease-out);
}

.about-index a:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.about-index a.is-active {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.about-index a.is-active i {
  width: 22px;
}

.about-main > section {
  scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 28px);
}

.about-main > section + section {
  margin-top: clamp(56px, 7vw, 104px);
  padding-top: clamp(48px, 6vw, 84px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

/* Statement */
.statement {
  display: grid;
  gap: 20px;
}

.statement p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 40em;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: clamp(16px, 1.4vw, 18.5px);
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.statement p:first-child {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(19px, 1.9vw, 24px);
  line-height: 1.56;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
}

/* Research area cards */
.area-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.area {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 54px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 6px clamp(16px, 3vw, 34px);
  padding: clamp(24px, 2.8vw, 34px) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: background-color 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.area__no {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  padding-top: 5px;
}

.area h3 {
  font-size: clamp(20px, 1.9vw, 25px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
}

.area__tag {
  margin-left: 10px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.area p {
  grid-column: 2;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  max-width: 66ch;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.area__foot {
  grid-column: 2;
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 16px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
}

/* News */
.news-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.news-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 96px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 10px clamp(16px, 2.4vw, 30px);
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: baseline;
}

.news-item time {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.news-item p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.66;
}

.news-item strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.news-item em {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink);
}

/* Publications --------------------------------------------------------- */
.pub-toolbar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 14px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  margin-bottom: 26px;
}

.pub-filters {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 7px;
}

.pub-filter {
  padding: 7px 13px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.22s var(--ease), background-color 0.22s var(--ease),
    color 0.22s var(--ease);
}

.pub-filter:hover {
  border-color: var(--line-2);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.pub-filter[aria-pressed="true"] {
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.pub-toolbar__right {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  align-items: center;
}

.pub-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pub {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 74px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 4px clamp(14px, 2.4vw, 30px);
  padding: clamp(22px, 2.6vw, 30px) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.pub::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 calc(-1 * var(--gutter)) 0 calc(-1 * var(--gutter));
  z-index: -1;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.pub:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.pub.is-hidden {
  display: none;
}

.pub__year {
  padding-top: 3px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.pub__year.is-current {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.pub__main {
  min-width: 0;
}

.pub__title {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(16.5px, 1.5vw, 19.5px);
  font-weight: 570;
  line-height: 1.46;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.pub__title a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--accent), var(--accent));
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: 0 100%;
  background-size: 0 1px;
  transition: background-size 0.4s var(--ease-out), color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.pub__title a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  background-size: 100% 1px;
}

.pub__authors {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.pub__authors b {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 680;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: var(--line-2);
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.pub__venue {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 9px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 14px;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.pub__venue .j {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.pub__venue .sep {
  width: 3px;
  height: 3px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: currentColor;
  opacity: 0.5;
}

.pub__badges {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
  align-items: center;
}

.pub__actions {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
}

.pub-act {
  display: inline-flex;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.22s var(--ease), color 0.22s var(--ease),
    background-color 0.22s var(--ease);
}

.pub-act:hover {
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.pub-act--ghost:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

/* Expandable abstract */
.pub__abstract {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 0fr;
  margin-top: 0;
  transition: grid-template-rows 0.45s var(--ease-out), margin-top 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.pub__abstract > div {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.pub.is-open .pub__abstract {
  grid-template-rows: 1fr;
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.pub__abstract p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  background: var(--paper-3);
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.72;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .pub__abstract p {
  background: var(--paper-3);
}

.pub__cite {
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  border: 1px dashed var(--line-2);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--paper-3);
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  word-break: break-word;
}

.pub.is-open .pub__cite {
  display: block;
}

.pub__cite[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.pub__copy-flash {
  color: var(--teal);
}

/* CV timeline */
.cv-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 64px);
}

.cv-col h3 {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink);
}

html[data-lang="zh"] .cv-col h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 13px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.tl {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
}

.tl__item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.tl__top {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 4px 14px;
}

.tl__item h4 {
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.tl__period {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.tl__item.is-current .tl__period {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.tl__detail {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.66;
}

.tl__loc {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Awards */
.award-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.award {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 74px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(14px, 2vw, 26px);
  padding: 17px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: baseline;
}

.award__year {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.award__title {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15.5px;
  font-weight: 540;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.award__title strong {
  font-size: 16.5px;
  font-weight: 620;
}

.award__sub {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Skills */
.skill-groups {
  display: grid;
  gap: clamp(22px, 3vw, 40px);
}

.skill-group h4 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Quiet closing note ("beyond the lab") */
.aside-note {
  margin-top: clamp(36px, 4vw, 52px);
  padding-top: clamp(22px, 2.6vw, 30px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.aside-note p:not(.sec-label) {
  max-width: 42em;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: clamp(15.5px, 1.3vw, 17px);
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.skill-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px;
}

.skill-tags span {
  padding: 5px 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  transition: border-color 0.22s var(--ease), color 0.22s var(--ease);
}

.skill-tags span:hover {
  border-color: var(--line-2);
  color: var(--ink);
}

@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .skill-groups {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    align-items: start;
  }
}

/* Built things */
.built-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 clamp(24px, 4vw, 56px);
}

.built {
  display: block;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.built h4 {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 15.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

.built h4 svg {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateX(-3px);
  transition: opacity 0.24s var(--ease), transform 0.3s var(--ease-out);
}

.built p {
  margin: 7px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.built:hover h4 {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.built:hover h4 svg {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateX(0);
}

/* Contact block */
.contact-block {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: clamp(24px, 4vw, 56px);
  padding: clamp(28px, 3.6vw, 48px);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  align-items: center;
}

.contact-block h3 {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2.4vw, 30px);
  letter-spacing: -0.024em;
}

.contact-block p {
  max-width: 56ch;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.66);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.contact-mails {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.contact-mails a {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0 20px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.26s var(--ease), color 0.26s var(--ease),
    border-color 0.26s var(--ease);
}

.contact-mails a:hover {
  border-color: #fff;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink-band);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8. Archive
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.page-hero {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  min-height: clamp(300px, 42svh, 460px);
  padding-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + clamp(40px, 6vw, 72px));
  padding-bottom: clamp(32px, 4vw, 52px);
  align-items: flex-end;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--ink-band);
  color: #fff;
  isolation: isolate;
}

.page-hero__media {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -2;
  background-position: center;
  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  filter: grayscale(0.5) contrast(1.06) brightness(0.72);
}

.page-hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  background: linear-gradient(
      to top,
      rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.93) 0%,
      rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.58) 45%,
      rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.42) 100%
    ),
    radial-gradient(90% 80% at 10% 10%, rgba(6, 8, 7, 0.5), transparent 70%);
}

/* Scrim behind the fixed navigation so white type stays legible even when the
   photograph underneath is bright (snow, sky). Blog posts are covered by the
   `.header-mask` of the legacy intro-header instead. */
.hero::before,
.page-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  height: 240px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(6, 8, 7, 0.6) 0%, rgba(6, 8, 7, 0) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.page-hero__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: 100%;
}

/* Taller variant used by 404 / offline pages, which carry their own actions */
.page-hero--tall {
  min-height: clamp(420px, 68svh, 720px);
  align-items: center;
}

.page-hero--tall .page-hero__desc {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.page-hero h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4.6vw, 58px);
  font-weight: 660;
  line-height: 1.06;
  letter-spacing: -0.032em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.page-hero h1 em {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.page-hero__desc {
  max-width: 60ch;
  margin: 16px 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74);
  font-size: clamp(14px, 1.3vw, 16.5px);
  line-height: 1.68;
}

.page-hero__meta {
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 22px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 22px;
  align-items: center;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.56);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Tag cloud — must stay legible in BOTH themes */
.tag-cloud {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  padding-bottom: clamp(24px, 3vw, 36px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.arc-toolbar {
  position: relative;
}

.arc-toolbar .tag-cloud {
  padding-bottom: 18px;
}

.arc-toolbar__foot {
  display: flex;
  padding-top: 2px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 10px 24px;
}

.arc-tag-toggle {
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  cursor: pointer;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  padding-bottom: 2px;
  transition: color 0.2s var(--ease), border-color 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.arc-tag-toggle:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

/* Tags used by a single post stay collapsed until asked for */
.tag-cloud:not(.is-expanded) .chip.chip--minor {
  display: none;
}

.chip--minor {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-size: 12px;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.tag-cloud .chip {
  padding: 7px 13px;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  text-transform: none;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  cursor: pointer;
  line-height: 1.4;
  transition: color 0.2s var(--ease), border-color 0.2s var(--ease),
    background-color 0.2s var(--ease), transform 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.tag-cloud .chip:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper-3);
}

.tag-cloud .chip.is-active {
  color: var(--paper-2);
  background: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--ink);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .tag-cloud .chip {
  background: var(--paper-2);
  color: var(--ink-2);
  border-color: var(--line-2);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .tag-cloud .chip:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper-3);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .tag-cloud .chip.is-active {
  color: #0b0d0c;
  background: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--ink);
}

.tag-cloud .chip sup {
  margin-left: 3px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.tag-cloud .chip.is-active sup {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .tag-cloud .chip.is-active sup {
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.tag-cloud .chip.is-active sup {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .tag-cloud .chip.is-active sup {
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.tag-cloud__count {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Archive year groups */
.arc-year {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(14px, 3vw, 40px);
  padding-top: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 44px);
}

.arc-year__label {
  position: sticky;
  top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 24px);
  align-self: start;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 32px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.arc-year__label > span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9px;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.arc-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.arc-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 170px;
  gap: 6px clamp(16px, 2vw, 32px);
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: baseline;
}

.arc-item h3 {
  font-size: clamp(15.5px, 1.35vw, 17.5px);
  font-weight: 550;
  line-height: 1.45;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

.arc-item h3 a {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.22s var(--ease);
}

.arc-item h3 a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.arc-item__sub {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.arc-item__side {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 12px;
  text-align: right;
}

.arc-item__date {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.arc-item__tags {
  color: var(--teal);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.arc-year.is-hidden,
.arc-item.is-hidden {
  display: none;
}

.arc-empty {
  padding: 40px 0;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.arc-more {
  margin: clamp(32px, 4vw, 48px) 0 0;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   9. Portfolio
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.pf-intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 72px);
  align-items: start;
}

.pf-groups {
  display: grid;
  gap: clamp(40px, 5vw, 72px);
}

.pf-group__head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 8px 20px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
}

.pf-group__head h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pf-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(14px, 2vw, 24px);
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.pf-card {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.4s var(--ease-out), box-shadow 0.4s var(--ease-out),
    border-color 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.pf-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: var(--line-2);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.pf-card img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform 0.7s var(--ease-out);
}

.pf-card:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.04);
}

.pf-card__body {
  display: flex;
  padding: 16px 18px 18px;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;
}

.pf-card__body h4 {
  font-size: 15.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

.pf-card__body p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.pf-card__tag {
  color: var(--teal);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pf-card h4 {
  font-size: 15.5px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
}

/* Photo wall */
.pf-photos {
  display: grid;
  margin-top: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 44px);
  padding-inline: var(--gutter);
  grid-template-columns: repeat(8, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px;
}

.pf-photo {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
}

.pf-photo img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  object-fit: cover;
  filter: grayscale(0.6) contrast(1.06) brightness(0.95);
  transition: filter 0.6s var(--ease), transform 0.8s var(--ease-out);
}

.pf-photo:hover img {
  filter: grayscale(0) contrast(1.02) brightness(1);
  transform: scale(1.06);
}

.pf-photo figcaption {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 8px;
  left: 9px;
  right: 9px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.62);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 8.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: opacity 0.4s var(--ease);
}

.pf-photo:hover figcaption {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   10. Legacy hux pages (posts, tools, 404)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Header image pages */
body:not(.page-home):not(.page-about) .intro-header {
  position: relative;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  background-position: center !important;
  background-size: cover !important;
}

.intro-header .header-mask {
  background: rgba(8, 10, 9, 0.62);
}

/* Force white type on top of the masked photo — in BOTH themes */
.intro-header .site-heading h1,
.intro-header .page-heading h1,
.intro-header .post-heading h1,
body:not(.page-home):not(.page-about) .intro-header .site-heading h1,
body:not(.page-home):not(.page-about) .intro-header .post-heading h1 {
  color: #ffffff !important;
  font-family: var(--font-sans) !important;
  font-weight: 660;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
}

.intro-header .site-heading .subheading,
.intro-header .page-heading .subheading,
.intro-header .post-heading .subheading,
.intro-header .post-heading .meta {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78) !important;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.intro-header .site-heading,
.intro-header .page-heading,
.intro-header .post-heading {
  color: #fff;
}

.intro-header .post-heading .tags .tag,
.intro-header .post-heading .tags a {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.44) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
}

/* Post container */
.post-container {
  max-width: var(--shell-narrow);
  margin-inline: auto;
  background: transparent !important;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.78;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.post-container h1,
.post-container h2,
.post-container h3,
.post-container h4,
.post-container h5 {
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  font-weight: 620;
}

.post-container h2 {
  margin-top: 2.2em;
  margin-bottom: 0.7em;
  font-size: clamp(24px, 2.4vw, 30px);
}

.post-container h3 {
  margin-top: 1.9em;
  margin-bottom: 0.6em;
  font-size: clamp(19px, 1.9vw, 23px);
}

.post-container h4 {
  font-size: 17.5px;
}

.post-container p,
.post-container li {
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.post-container a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 40%, transparent);
}

.post-container a:hover {
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent);
}

.post-container blockquote {
  margin: 2em 0;
  padding: 4px 0 4px 22px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.16em;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.post-container blockquote p {
  color: inherit;
}

.post-container img {
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}

.post-container hr {
  margin: 2.6em 0;
}

.post-container table {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 1.6em 0;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 14.5px;
}

.post-container th {
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-align: left;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.post-container td {
  padding: 11px 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.post-container code {
  padding: 2px 6px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: var(--code-bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.86em;
}

.post-container pre {
  padding: 18px 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--code-bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.post-container pre code {
  padding: 0;
  background: none;
  color: inherit;
}

/* Home / archive / list page previews */
.post-preview > a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.post-preview .post-title,
.post-preview > a > .post-title {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 26px);
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
  line-height: 1.32;
  transition: color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.post-preview > a:hover .post-title {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.post-preview .post-subtitle,
.post-preview > a > .post-subtitle {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.post-content-preview,
.post-meta {
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.post-preview hr {
  margin: 28px 0;
}

/* Pager */
.pager {
  display: flex;
  margin: 44px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  gap: 12px;
  justify-content: center;
  list-style: none;
}

.pager li > a,
.pager li > span {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 0 20px;
  align-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10.5px;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.24s var(--ease), color 0.24s var(--ease),
    border-color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.pager li > a:hover {
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

/* Sidebar (tools / legacy page layout) */
.sidebar-container h5,
.sidebar-container h5 a {
  color: var(--ink-3) !important;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.sidebar-container hr {
  border-color: var(--line);
}

.short-about img {
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  filter: grayscale(0.2);
}

.short-about p {
  color: var(--ink-2) !important;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

#tag_cloud .tag-button,
#tag_cloud .tag-button--all {
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2) !important;
  background: var(--paper-2) !important;
  color: var(--ink-2) !important;
}

#tag_cloud .tag-button:hover,
#tag_cloud .tag-button.focus,
#tag_cloud .tag-button--all:hover,
#tag_cloud .tag-button--all.focus {
  border-color: var(--ink) !important;
  background: var(--ink) !important;
  color: var(--paper) !important;
}

/* Side catalog */
.side-catalog a {
  color: var(--ink-3) !important;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.side-catalog a.active,
.side-catalog a:hover {
  color: var(--accent) !important;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   11. Search overlay
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.search-page {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1200;
  display: block;
  padding: calc(var(--nav-h) + 40px) 0 40px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 97%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(22px) saturate(1.2);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(22px) saturate(1.2);
  color: var(--ink);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.3s var(--ease), visibility 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.search-page.search-active {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.search-page .search-main {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: calc(var(--shell-narrow) + var(--gutter) * 2);
  height: auto;
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter) !important;
  opacity: 1;
}

.search-icon-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 8px);
  right: max(16px, calc((100vw - var(--shell)) / 2));
  display: grid;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.2s var(--ease), color 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.search-icon-close:hover {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.search-page #search-input {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 16px;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(26px, 3.4vw, 40px);
  line-height: 1.2;
  transition: border-color 0.24s var(--ease);
}

.search-page #search-input::placeholder {
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 14px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.search-page #search-input:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  outline: none;
}

.search-page #search-results {
  max-height: calc(100svh - 240px);
  margin-top: 26px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.search-result {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.search-result a {
  display: block;
  padding: 18px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.search-result h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 560;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: -0.014em;
}

.search-result p {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.search-result a:hover h2 {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.search-empty {
  padding: 26px 0;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-size: 14px;
}

#search-results .post-title,
#search-results .post-subtitle {
  color: var(--ink);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   12. Footer
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.site-footer {
  position: relative;
  padding-block: clamp(48px, 6vw, 76px) 26px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  background: var(--ink-band);
  color: var(--on-band-2);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.site-footer::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -60%;
  left: -10%;
  width: 520px;
  height: 520px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(224, 101, 58, 0.13), transparent 68%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.site-footer__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.site-footer__top {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.4fr) repeat(2, minmax(0, 0.8fr));
  gap: clamp(28px, 4vw, 64px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(32px, 4vw, 52px);
}

.site-footer__name {
  margin: 0;
  color: #fff;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(26px, 2.8vw, 34px);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.site-footer__name span {
  color: var(--accent-2);
}

.site-footer__note {
  max-width: 40ch;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.52);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.site-footer h4 {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.42);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 9.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.site-footer__links {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.site-footer__links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.22s var(--ease);
}

.site-footer__links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.site-footer__links svg {
  width: 13px;
  height: 13px;
  fill: currentColor;
  opacity: 0.7;
}

.site-footer__bottom {
  display: flex;
  padding-top: 20px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 28px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.site-footer__bottom a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}

.site-footer__bottom a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   13. Motion & reveal
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
[data-reveal] {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(18px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s var(--ease-out), transform 0.7s var(--ease-out);
  transition-delay: var(--reveal-delay, 0ms);
}

[data-reveal].is-in {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}

/* Only hide when JS is available — never break no-JS rendering */
html:not(.js) [data-reveal] {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
  }

  [data-reveal] {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }

  .hero__media {
    animation: none;
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   14. Responsive
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .about-hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 200px;
  }

  .about-body {
    grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root {
    --nav-h: 62px;
  }

  .site-nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: var(--nav-h);
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    display: grid;
    max-height: calc(100svh - var(--nav-h));
    padding: 10px var(--gutter) 26px;
    gap: 0;
    overflow-y: auto;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    transition: opacity 0.26s var(--ease), transform 0.26s var(--ease),
      visibility 0.26s var(--ease);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  }

  .site-header.nav-open .site-nav {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: none;
  }

  .site-header.nav-open .site-nav a {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 15px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--ink);
    opacity: 1;
  }

  .site-header.nav-open .site-nav a::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-burger {
    display: inline-grid;
  }

  .site-header.nav-open .nav-burger span:nth-child(1) {
    transform: translateY(5px) rotate(45deg);
  }

  .site-header.nav-open .nav-burger span:nth-child(2) {
    opacity: 0;
  }

  .site-header.nav-open .nav-burger span:nth-child(3) {
    transform: translateY(-5px) rotate(-45deg);
  }

  .hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    padding-bottom: 32px;
  }

  .hero__aside {
    display: flex;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    gap: 26px;
    text-align: left;
  }

  .hero__stat b {
    font-size: 24px;
  }

  .intro-grid,
  .feature-grid,
  .note-grid,
  .cv-grid,
  .built-grid,
  .pf-intro,
  .tools-strip,
  .contact-block {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .note-grid {
    gap: 22px;
  }

  .about-hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .about-portrait {
    width: 168px;
  }

  .about-portrait img {
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  }

  .about-body {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .about-index {
    position: static;
    display: flex;
    padding-bottom: 18px;
    gap: 0 18px;
    overflow-x: auto;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }

  .about-index::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }

  .about-index a {
    flex: none;
  }

  .about-index a i {
    display: none;
  }

  .metrics {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .metrics__cell:nth-child(2) {
    border-right: 0;
  }

  .metrics__cell:nth-child(1),
  .metrics__cell:nth-child(2) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .idx-row {
    grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 4px 16px;
  }

  .idx-row p {
    grid-column: 2;
  }

  .idx-row__arrow {
    display: none;
  }

  .site-footer__top {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 32px;
  }

  .arc-year {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .arc-year__label {
    position: static;
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 10px;
    font-size: 22px;
  }

  .arc-year__label > span {
    margin-top: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  body {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .shell {
    padding-inline: 20px;
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: 86svh;
  }

  .hero h1,
  .hero .hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(34px, 9vw, 44px);
  }

  .hero__eyebrow {
    font-size: 9px;
    gap: 7px 9px;
  }

  .hero__eyebrow-a,
  .hero__eyebrow-sep {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__title .cn {
    margin-top: 0.5em;
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.66);
  }

  .hero__lede {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }

  .hero__aside {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__rail-inner {
    font-size: 9px;
    gap: 6px 16px;
  }

  .hero__rail-inner > span:last-child {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero__rail-inner .scroll-hint {
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-left: auto;
  }

  .pub {
    grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 4px 14px;
  }

  .pub__title {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .pub__actions {
    gap: 5px;
  }

  .pub-act {
    padding: 5px 8px;
    font-size: 9px;
  }

  .news-item {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 4px;
  }

  .area {
    grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .cv-grid {
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .award,
  .tl__item {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .pub-preview__row {
    grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .pub-preview__meta {
    display: none;
  }

  .tools-strip {
    padding: 22px;
  }

  .tools-strip__links {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .contact-block {
    padding: 22px;
  }

  .arc-item {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 4px;
  }

  .pf-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}

/* Print */
@media print {
  .site-header,
  .site-footer,
  .search-page,
  .read-progress,
  .about-index,
  .hero__rail,
  .tag-cloud,
  .pub-filters,
  .pub__actions {
    display: none !important;
  }

  body {
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
  }

  body::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .about-hero,
  .hero,
  .page-hero {
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 20px 0;
    background: #fff;
    color: #000;
  }

  .about-hero h1,
  .hero h1,
  .page-hero h1 {
    color: #000 !important;
  }

  .band {
    padding-block: 20px;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   15. Bilingual text switching
   Markup: <span data-zh>中文</span><span data-en>English</span>
   The root <html data-lang> attribute is set before paint by head.html, so
   there is no flash and the browser still holds both languages for SEO.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
html[data-lang="zh"] [data-en],
html[data-lang="en"] [data-zh] {
  display: none !important;
}

html[data-lang="zh"] .lang-only-en,
html[data-lang="en"] .lang-only-zh {
  display: none !important;
}

/* Keep the nav language button label readable in every state */
.site-header.on-hero:not(.is-solid) #langToggleLabel {
  color: #fff;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   16. Chinese typography
   Latin emphasis uses the italic display serif; CJK must not be synthetically
   slanted, so the zh version of every emphasis switches to a serif CJK face
   at normal angle.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
html[data-lang="zh"] .sec-title em,
html[data-lang="zh"] .pull-quote p,
html[data-lang="zh"] .page-hero h1 em {
  font-family: "Songti SC", "Source Han Serif SC", "Noto Serif SC", "SimSun",
    "Kannmu Serif", serif;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

/* Chinese body copy breathes better with a touch more line height */
html[data-lang="zh"] .statement p,
html[data-lang="zh"] .area p,
html[data-lang="zh"] .sec-lede,
html[data-lang="zh"] .tl__detail,
html[data-lang="zh"] .news-item p,
html[data-lang="zh"] .pub__abstract p {
  line-height: 1.85;
}

html[data-lang="zh"] .statement p:first-child {
  line-height: 1.62;
}

/* CJK should not be letter-spaced apart like Latin small caps */
html[data-lang="zh"] .hero__title .cn,
html[data-lang="zh"] .about-hero__zh {
  letter-spacing: 0.24em;
}

/* Give the side index a little more presence */
.about-index a {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  opacity: 0.72;
}

.about-index a.is-active,
.about-index a:hover {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* A drop cap is a Latin device — CJK characters look broken at 3em */
html[data-lang="zh"] .intro-copy p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  float: none;
  margin: 0;
  color: inherit;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: inherit;
  line-height: inherit;
  font-weight: inherit;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   18. Tool directory (overrides the legacy tools.css palette)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.tool-directory {
  padding: 0;
}

.tool-directory__intro {
  max-width: 62ch;
  margin-bottom: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 44px);
}

.tool-directory__intro h2 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: clamp(24px, 2.6vw, 34px);
  font-weight: 630;
  letter-spacing: -0.026em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.tool-directory__intro > p:last-child {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

.tool-directory__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: clamp(14px, 2vw, 22px);
}

.tool-card {
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  box-shadow: none;
  transition: border-color 0.3s var(--ease), box-shadow 0.35s var(--ease),
    transform 0.35s var(--ease-out);
}

.tool-card:hover,
.tool-card:focus-within {
  border-color: var(--line-2);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.tool-card > a {
  display: flex;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: clamp(20px, 2.2vw, 28px);
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.tool-card__icon {
  display: grid;
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  transition: background-color 0.3s var(--ease), color 0.3s var(--ease),
    border-color 0.3s var(--ease);
}

.tool-card:hover .tool-card__icon {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

.tool-card__category {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
}

.tool-card h3 {
  margin: 22px 0 10px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 610;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.tool-card > a > p {
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.72;
}

.tool-card__footer {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.tool-card__footer > span:last-child {
  color: var(--accent);
  transition: transform 0.25s var(--ease);
}

.tool-card:hover .tool-card__footer > span:last-child,
.tool-card:focus-within .tool-card__footer > span:last-child {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .tool-card {
  border-color: var(--line);
  background: var(--paper-2);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .tool-card__icon {
  border-color: var(--line-2);
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   19. Service-worker snackbar (restyled to match the system)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.paper-snackbar {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: -100px;
  left: 50%;
  z-index: 10040;
  display: flex;
  max-width: min(92vw, 460px);
  padding: 13px 12px 13px 20px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  border: 1px solid var(--line-2);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 13.5px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: bottom 0.4s var(--ease-out), opacity 0.4s var(--ease-out);
}

.paper-snackbar .action {
  flex: none;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  color: inherit;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.2s var(--ease), color 0.2s var(--ease);
}

.paper-snackbar .action:hover {
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
}